The Water Drum. An Ancient African Percussion Instrument

The water drum, also known as the gourd drum, is a percussion instrument that has been used in various traditional African cultures for centuries. Made from gourds, this unique instrument produces a mellow and resonant sound that is often used in ceremonial and ritualistic settings.

Origins of the Water Drum

The water drum is believed to have originated in West Africa, specifically in regions with a savannah climate. It has many names across this vast region, for example, water drums called dansuom in Ghana, by the Ashanti and Ewe people.  The same instrument is called gedundung by the Fulbe in Gambia.  The Bambara people of Ghana and Gambia call this instrument Jidunun. This name consists of words Dyi (water) and Dunni (small bass drum).
 It is thought to have been invented by women, who were responsible for its construction and use in various ritual and ceremonial contexts.
One of the key features of the water drum is that it does not have a traditional drumhead. Instead, the drum is made from two dried calabash gourds, one larger than the other, which are placed in water to create a resonant chamber. The smaller gourd is played with a stick or spoon to produce a distinct and rhythmic sound. Sometimes gourds are covered in oil or shea butter to make them last longer.

Cultural Significance

The water drum is not only a musical instrument, but also a symbol of cultural identity and tradition. In many African societies, the drum is considered sacred and has a spiritual significance that goes beyond its musical function. It is often played during important life events such as weddings, funerals, and coming-of-age ceremonies.
One of the key roles of the water drum is to announce the start of a ceremony or event. The rhythms and sounds produced by the drum are often specific to the occasion and can convey important information about the type of event and its purpose. In some cultures, the water drum is also believed to have healing properties and is used in traditional medicine practices.
The water drum is also unique in that it is traditionally played by women. In some societies, the drum is exclusively used and played by women during certain rituals and ceremonies. This gendered association highlights the important role that women have played in the development and preservation of African cultural traditions.

Modern Applications

Today, the water drum is still used in traditional African contexts, but it has also gained popularity in other parts of the world as a musical instrument. It has been incorporated into various genres of music, including jazz, blues, and world music, and is often used in live performances.
As interest in traditional African music has grown, the water drum has become an important instrument for musicians and music educators alike. It is now taught in schools and universities, and has become a symbol of the rich cultural heritage of Africa.

In Conclusion

The water drum is an ancient African percussion instrument with a rich cultural history and spiritual significance. It has been used for centuries in various traditional African societies and continues to be an important symbol of cultural identity and tradition. Whether played in traditional or modern contexts, the water drum remains a unique and captivating instrument that speaks to the beauty and diversity of African culture.

Picture from wmic.net